道德經英譯本點評(三十七到三十九章)

2019-03-19 约 1890 字 预计阅读 4 分钟

今早看到一篇微信帖子,才知道人類鑽地的記錄是12262米,是冷戰期間因美蘇軍備競賽其中的一部分鑽地競賽而由蘇聯創造。

地勢坤,厚德載物,因為地之心熱。

人發殺機,天地反覆,因為人的欲望能熱過地底12262米的地火岩漿。

熱字去掉四點水,就是執。 人的欲望若熱得水都沒有了,心就會冷。

故此陰符經開示沉水入火,自取滅亡,自然之道靜,故天地萬物生,天地之道浸,故陰陽勝,陰陽相推,而變化順矣

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第三十七章


道常無為而無不為。侯王若能守之,萬物將自化。化而欲作,吾將鎮之以無名之樸。無名之樸,夫亦將無欲。不欲以靜,天下將自定。

Tao never does;
Yet through it all things are done.
If the barons and kings would but possess themselves of it,
The ten thousand creatures would at once be transformed.
And if having been transformed they should desire to act,
We must restrain them by the blankness of the Unnamed.
The blankness of the Unnamed
Brings dispassion;
To be dispassionate is to be still.
And so, of itself, the whole empire will be at rest.

restrain:prevent (someone or something) from doing something; keep under control or within limits.

dispassion:冷靜,以之譯無欲

dispassionate:not influenced by strong emotion, and so able to be rational and impartial. 靜而後能安,安而後能慮

第三十八章


上德不德,是以有德。下德不失德,是以無德。上德無為而無以為,下德無為而有以為。上仁為之而無以為,上義為之而有以為。上禮為之而莫之以應,則攘臂而扔之。故失道而後德,失德而後仁,失仁而後義,失義而後禮。

The man of highest “power” does not reveal himself as a possessor of “power”;
Therefore he keeps his “power”.
The man of inferior “power” cannot rid it of the appearance of “power”;
Therefore he is in truth without “power”.
The man of highest “power” neither acts nor is there any who so regards him;
The man of inferior “power” both acts and is so regarded.
The man of highest humanity, though he acts, is not regarded;
Whereas a man of even the highest morality both acts and is so regarded;
While even he who is best versed in ritual not merely acts, but if people fail to respond
Then he will pull up his sleeves and advance upon them.
That is why it is said:
“After Tao was lost, then came the ‘power’;
After the ‘power’ was lost, then came human kindness.”
After human kindness was lost, then came morality,
After morality was lost, then came ritual.

inferior:lower in rank, status, or quality.以之譯下德之下

我挺想看威利如何翻譯仁義禮 highest humanity:最高之人性, even the highest morality:近乎最高之道德,
best versed in ritual:精通儀式,


夫禮者忠信之薄,而亂之首。前識者道之華,而愚之始。是以大丈夫處其厚不居其薄,處其實不居其華。故去彼取此。

Now ritual is the mere husk of loyalty and promise-keeping
And is indeed the first step towards brawling.”
Foreknowledge may be the “flower of doctrine”,
But it is the beginning of folly.
Therefore the full-grown man takes his stand upon the solid
substance and not upon the mere husk,
Upon the fruit and not upon the flower.
Truly, “he reject that and takes this”.

husk 外殼

brawling:fight or quarrel in a rough or noisy way.爭端

Foreknowledge:預知。以之譯前識

doctrine:a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group.教義。flower of doctrine 以之譯道之華

folly:lack of good sense; foolishness.

full-grown man:大丈夫

第三十九章


昔之得一者:天得一以清,地得一以寧,神得一以靈,穀得一以盈,萬物得一以生,侯王得一以為天下貞。

As for the things that from of old have understood the Whole —
The sky through such understanding remains limpid,
Earth remains steady,
The spirits keep their holiness,
The abyss is replenished,
The ten thousand creatures bear their kind,
Barons and princes direct their people.
It is the Whole that causes it.

limpid:(of a liquid) free of anything that darkens; completely clear.

steady:firmly fixed, supported, or balanced; not shaking or moving. 穩定,以之譯

holiness:聖潔,以之譯

abyss:a deep or seemingly bottomless chasm.深淵,以之譯

replenished:fill (something) up again.填補,以之譯


天無以清,將恐裂;地無以寧,將恐廢;神無以靈,將恐歇;穀無以盈,將恐竭;萬物無以生,將恐滅;侯王無以貞,將恐蹶。

Were it not so limpid, the sky would soon get torn,
Were is not for steadiness, the earth would soon tip over,
Were it not for their holiness, the spirit would soon wither away.
Were it not for this replenishment, the abyss would soon go dry,
Were it not that ten thousand creatures can bear their kind,
They would soon become extinct.
Were the barons and princes no longer directors of their people and for that reason honoured and exalted, they would soon be overthrown.

get torn:撕裂

tip over:翻倒,以之譯

wither:(of a plant) become dry and shriveled. 枯萎。wither away消亡,以之譯

extinct:(of a species, family, or other larger group) having no living members.絕種,以之譯

be overthrown:推翻。以之譯


故貴以賤為本,高以下為基。是以侯王自謂孤、寡、不轂,此非以賤為本耶,非乎?至譽無譽,不欲琭琭如玉,珞珞如石。

Truly “ the humble is the stem upon which the mighty grows, the low is the foundation upon which the high is laid.”
That is why barons and princes refer to themselves as “The Orphan”, “The Needy”, “The Ill-provided.
Is this not indeed a case of might rooting itself upon humility?
True indeed are the sayings:
“Enumerate the parts of a carriage, and you still have not explained what a carriage is,” and They did not want themselves to tinkle like jade-bells, while others resounded like stone chimes”.

humble謙卑,以之譯
mighty強大,以之譯
Enumerate the parts of a carriage, and you still have not explained what a carriage is 似乎威利的原文版本不是至譽無譽,而是故致數輿無輿

tinkle like jade-bells:琭琭如玉

resounded like stone chimes:珞珞如石


author

Jesse Lau

網名遁去的一,簡稱遁一。2012年定居新西蘭至今,自由職業者。
本文采用知識共享署名 4.0 國際許可協議進行許可。簡而言之,可隨意轉發轉載,轉載請注明出處。


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